How to Cite Amazon Kindle in MLA 9 Format

What an Amazon Kindle source is in MLA 9

In MLA 9, a book you read on an Amazon Kindle is usually cited as an e-book version of a book. The core idea is simple, you cite the book as a book, then you add details that identify the digital version you used. MLA calls this the “version” and “container” information.

A Kindle book can appear in a few forms:

• A Kindle e-book you purchased and read in the Kindle app or on a Kindle device.
• A library e-book delivered to Kindle (still a Kindle edition).
• A Kindle book that is part of Kindle Unlimited (still a Kindle edition).
• A Kindle book that is actually a web page (less common, but it happens with Kindle Cloud Reader links and previews). Most of the time, treat it as an e-book.

The goal of MLA formatting is consistency and traceability, so a reader can understand what you used and locate the same version if needed.

The MLA 9 core elements, adapted for Kindle books

MLA 9 organizes citations around “core elements” in a consistent order. For a Kindle e-book, you commonly use:

1. Author
2. Title of source (the book title)
3. Title of container (often the platform, such as Kindle, or sometimes Amazon)
4. Version (often “Kindle ed.” or “Kindle edition”)
5. Publisher
6. Publication date
7. Location (page range, DOI, URL, or sometimes “Kindle location” numbers)

Not every element appears every time. MLA expects you to include what is relevant and available.

Author rules you must follow (and why they matter)

You specified several author rules. Here is how they apply to Kindle citations, plus why they matter.

Full first names, not initials

Rule: Author names must use full first names, not initials.

Why it matters: Full names reduce confusion, especially when multiple authors share a last name and initials. It also supports clarity and respect for author identity.

How to format:
- One author: Last, First Middle.
- Example pattern: Nguyen, Minh Anh.

First author inverted

Rule: The first author name must be inverted, Last, First Middle.

Why it matters: Works Cited lists are alphabetized by the first element, usually the author’s last name. Inversion makes alphabetizing consistent.

Two authors use “and,” second author not inverted

Rule: For two authors, use “and” between names, and do not invert the second author.

Why it matters: MLA uses a consistent, readable pattern for two-author works. It keeps the Works Cited alphabetization correct while still presenting both names clearly.

Format: Last, First Middle, and First Middle Last.

Three or more authors use “et al.”

Rule: For three or more authors, list only the first author (inverted) followed by “et al.”

Why it matters: Long author lists can distract from the main citation. MLA shortens the list while still crediting the primary author and indicating additional contributors.

Format: Last, First Middle, et al.

No author, start with the title

Rule: If there is no author, start with the title. Do not use “Anonymous” or “n.d.”

Why it matters: MLA treats the title as the identifying element when authorship is unknown. This keeps citations honest and traceable.

What to use for “container” and “version” for Kindle

Container: Kindle (or Amazon Kindle)

For most Kindle e-books, it is acceptable to list Kindle as the container, because it identifies the platform where the version is hosted and read.

Some instructors prefer Amazon as the container and “Kindle ed.” as the version. Either approach can work if you are consistent, but “Kindle” is often clearer because it directly identifies the format and platform students actually used.

Version: Kindle edition

You can write the version as Kindle ed. or Kindle edition. The key is to identify that you did not use print.

Page numbers, Kindle locations, and what MLA prefers

A common challenge with Kindle is that page numbers may not match print pages, and some Kindle books show location numbers instead of stable pages.

• If the Kindle book provides stable page numbers that match a print edition, you can cite pages normally.
• If it only provides location numbers, you can cite the location in your in-text citation, for example, (Smith loc. 245).
• If neither is available, you can cite a chapter, section, or other labeled part, for example, (Smith ch. 3).

MLA’s priority is that your reader can find the passage you quoted. Use the most stable locator your version provides.

Example 1, one author Kindle e-book (with explanation)

Works Cited entry (Kindle e-book)

Morrison, Toni. Beloved. Kindle ed., Vintage, 2004. Kindle.

Why this is correct

• Author: “Morrison, Toni.” The first author is inverted.
• Title: Beloved is italicized because it is a whole book.
• Version: “Kindle ed.” tells the reader it is not print.
• Publisher and date: “Vintage, 2004.” These identify the publication details of the edition you used.
• Container: “Kindle.” This signals the platform or format container.

In-text citation examples

• If your Kindle shows page numbers: (Morrison 57)
• If it shows locations instead: (Morrison loc. 1325)

Practical tip

If your Kindle shows both page and location, prefer page because it is more familiar to readers. If page numbers are not stable, use loc. and keep it consistent.

Example 2, two authors Kindle e-book (with explanation)

Works Cited entry

Gladwell, Malcolm, and Steven Pinker. Mind and Society: Selected Essays. Kindle ed., Riverhead Books, 2018. Kindle.

Why this is correct

• Two authors: The first author is inverted, “Gladwell, Malcolm,” and the second is normal order, “Steven Pinker.”
• “and” between names: MLA uses “and,” not an ampersand.
• Title italicized: It is a complete book.
• Version and container included: “Kindle ed.” and “Kindle” clarify the format and access point.

In-text citation examples

• With pages: (Gladwell and Pinker 112)
• With locations: (Gladwell and Pinker loc. 980)

Common pitfall

Do not invert the second author. Writing “Gladwell, Malcolm, and Pinker, Steven” is not MLA style for two authors.

Example 3, three or more authors Kindle e-book (with explanation)

Works Cited entry

Harari, Yuval Noah, et al. Global Futures Reader. Kindle ed., HarperCollins, 2021. Kindle.

Why this is correct

• Three or more authors: Only the first author is listed, then “et al.”
• First author inverted: “Harari, Yuval Noah” follows the required format.
• Full first name used: No initials.
• Kindle version noted: “Kindle ed.” clarifies the format.

In-text citation examples

• With pages: (Harari et al. 44)
• With locations: (Harari et al. loc. 610)

Practical tip

MLA’s “et al.” is not italicized in most student writing contexts. Keep punctuation simple and consistent.

What if there is no author listed on the Kindle book

If a Kindle book truly has no author listed, start with the title.

Works Cited pattern (no author)

Title of Book. Kindle ed., Publisher, Year. Kindle.

Why this rule matters

Starting with the title prevents you from guessing authorship. It also ensures the entry can still be alphabetized and found.

Common pitfalls with Kindle citations (and how to avoid them)

Pitfall 1, treating Kindle as the publisher

Kindle is usually not the publisher. The publisher is the company listed in the book’s publication information, such as Penguin Random House, HarperCollins, or a university press.

Fix: Use the real publisher in the publisher slot. Use Kindle as the container or identify “Kindle ed.” as the version.

Pitfall 2, missing the version

If you leave out “Kindle ed.” or “Kindle edition,” your citation can look like a print book citation. That can confuse readers about how to locate the same text.

Fix: Include the version when you know it is a Kindle e-book.

Pitfall 3, using unstable or messy URLs

Kindle books often do not provide a clean URL that works for everyone, especially purchased books.

Fix: MLA does not require a URL for many e-books accessed through apps. If you do include a URL, use the most stable one available and do not add tracking clutter.

Pitfall 4, inconsistent in-text locators

Switching between page numbers, locations, and chapters can confuse the reader.

Fix: Choose the most stable locator your Kindle version provides and use it consistently.

Quick checklist for a correct MLA 9 Kindle Works Cited entry

• Author uses full first name, not initials.
• First author is inverted, Last, First Middle.
• Two authors use “and,” second author not inverted.
• Three or more authors use first author plus “et al.”
• Book title is italicized.
• Include “Kindle ed.” or “Kindle edition” as the version.
• Include publisher and year.
• Use Kindle as the container when appropriate.
• Use page numbers if stable, otherwise use loc. or chapter in in-text citations.

If you tell me whether your Kindle book shows page numbers or only location numbers, and whether it lists a publisher and year on the copyright page, I can format a Works Cited entry for your exact source.

Step-by-Step Instructions

Common Errors for Amazon Kindle Citations

Validation Checklist

Special Cases

What makes Kindle sources tricky in MLA 9

Amazon Kindle books are usually cited like other e-books in MLA 9, but Kindle adds extra complications because the platform often mixes together several “containers” and versions. A Kindle listing can represent a print book, an e-book, an audiobook, or a bundle, and the metadata shown on the page is not always the metadata of the version you actually read. MLA 9 handles this by prioritizing what you used, the version you consulted, and stable publication facts over store specific marketing details.

These special cases matter because MLA citations are meant to help readers find the same source you used. If you cite the wrong edition, the wrong publisher, or only an Amazon product page, a reader may not be able to locate the text you actually read, or the quoted passage may not match their copy.

Core principle, cite the version you actually read

Kindle e-book versus print book listed on Amazon

Amazon often shows a single page where you can toggle between “Kindle” and “Hardcover” or “Paperback.” Your citation should match the Kindle edition you consulted, not the print edition that happens to be the default view.

Practical tip: Open the book in the Kindle app or Kindle Cloud Reader and check the “About this book” or “Copyright” page. That screen usually gives the edition, publisher, and year for the Kindle file you used.

Kindle file details matter more than the Amazon listing

An Amazon product page can change over time. The Kindle file’s internal title page and copyright page are more reliable. MLA favors the information on the source itself whenever possible.

Special case, no stable page numbers

When the Kindle book has real page numbers

Some Kindle books show “Page x of y” that matches a print edition. If your Kindle shows stable page numbers, you can cite them in your in-text citations.

When the Kindle book uses location numbers or no pages

Many Kindle books use location numbers, or only show percentage. MLA 9 prefers page numbers, but when pages are unavailable, you can use other navigational markers in your in-text citation, such as a chapter number, a section title, or another clear division.

Common pitfall: Do not put Kindle “location” numbers in the Works Cited entry. Location details belong in the in-text citation if you need them, not in the bibliographic entry.

In-text examples (not Works Cited):
- (Nguyen, ch. 4)
- (Nguyen, “Methods”)
- (Nguyen 57) if page numbers are available in your Kindle view

Special case, edition and version confusion

“Kindle Edition” is not always the edition you need

Kindle pages often label the format as “Kindle Edition.” MLA does not require you to write “Kindle ed.” as an edition statement. What matters is whether the book is a distinct edition, such as “2nd ed.” or “Revised ed.” If the book is a standard Kindle release with no special edition statement, you can usually omit “Kindle Edition” and simply cite it as an e-book.

Reprints and new introductions

Sometimes a Kindle file is a reprint with a new introduction or a new editor. If the Kindle version includes a named editor or translator that affects what you read, include that contributor in your entry.

Practical tip: If your quotations come from the introduction, cite the introduction as a work within the book, and name the introduction’s author.

Special case, corporate or missing authors on Kindle

When the author is missing or unclear

Some Kindle books, especially compilations, manuals, or self published items, display inconsistent author information. If you truly cannot identify an author from the book’s title page or copyright page, MLA says to start with the title.

This rule matters because “no author” entries must still be alphabetized correctly in Works Cited, and the title is the most stable identifying element when authorship is uncertain.

Common pitfall: Do not use “Anonymous” or “n.d.” in MLA 9.

Special case, self published Kindle books and publisher naming

When the publisher is “Amazon” but the imprint is different

Kindle books may list publishers like “Independently published,” “Kindle Direct Publishing,” “KDP Print,” “Amazon Digital Services LLC,” or a small press name. Use the publisher shown in the book’s front matter for the version you read.

This matters because publisher names help distinguish between similar titles and between self published and traditionally published versions.

Practical tip: If the publisher name looks like a platform rather than a publisher, still record it as shown, but prefer the most specific entity listed in the book file.

Special case, citing the Amazon product page instead of the e-book

When you should cite the Kindle book, not Amazon

If you read the text in Kindle, cite the e-book itself. The Amazon page is not the text you used, it is just a sales listing.

When citing the Amazon page is appropriate

Cite the Amazon page only when the page itself is your source, for example, you are analyzing product descriptions, reviews, rankings, or pricing history. In that case, you are citing a web page, not a book.

Common pitfall: Citing an Amazon page for a book you read in Kindle leads to unstable citations, because the URL and the metadata can change.

Special case, multiple authors and name formatting rules

Your rules for author names are important because they create consistency and make Works Cited entries easy to scan and alphabetize.

• Use full first names, not initials.
• Invert the first author only, Last, First Middle.
• For two authors, use “and,” and do not invert the second author.
• For three or more authors, list the first author only, then add “et al.”
• If there is no author, start with the title.

These rules matter because inconsistent naming can misfile an entry in alphabetical order, and it can make it harder for readers to verify authorship.

Examples with explanations and correct formatting

Example 1, standard Kindle e-book with one author, no page numbers

Works Cited entry:
Nguyen, Minh Hanh. Rivers of Memory. Blue Lantern Press, 2021. Kindle e-book.

Why this works:
- The first author is inverted and uses a full first name.
- The title is italicized because it is a complete book.
- The publisher and year identify the publication.
- “Kindle e-book” clarifies the format you used, which helps explain why page numbers may not match print copies.

In-text citation tip: If there are no pages, cite a chapter, for example, (Nguyen, ch. 6).

Example 2, two authors, Kindle book with a named edition

Works Cited entry:
Patel, Serena Joy, and David Morales. Foundations of Public Health, 3rd ed., Harbor Academic, 2020. Kindle e-book.

Why this works:
- The first author is inverted, the second author is in normal order, and both use full first names.
- The edition is included because it is a meaningful version marker.
- The format statement at the end signals the Kindle version.

Common pitfall to avoid: Do not write “Serena J. Patel.” Your rule requires full first names, and MLA entries should not replace first names with initials.

Example 3, no author, cite the Kindle book itself

Works Cited entry:
Guide to Home Espresso Techniques. Copper Kettle Media, 2019. Kindle e-book.

Why this works:
- No author is listed, so the entry begins with the title in italics.
- The title will be alphabetized by “Guide,” not by “The” or “A,” if it had an article.
- Publisher, year, and format still give readers a clear retrieval path.

Practical tip: If a corporate author is clearly responsible and credited in the book, you can use that name as the author. If it is not clearly credited, treat it as no author and begin with the title.

Practical checklist for Kindle edge cases

Before you write the citation

• Check the Kindle book’s title page and copyright page, not only the Amazon listing.
• Confirm whether your Kindle view provides page numbers. If not, plan to cite chapters or section titles in-text.
• Verify the edition, especially for textbooks and classics.
• Record the publisher exactly as shown in the Kindle file.

Common pitfalls to avoid

• Using the Amazon product page as the citation for a book you actually read in Kindle.
• Mixing print edition details with Kindle edition details.
• Adding Kindle location numbers to the Works Cited entry.
• Using initials for author first names, or inverting the second author in a two-author work.
• Writing “Anonymous” or “n.d.” when author or date is missing.

Why these rules matter for readers and grading

Following these special case rules is not just about formatting. It is about accuracy and fairness. Accurate author names respect authorship and improve searchability. Correct edition and publisher details help readers locate the same version you used. Clear format labeling, such as “Kindle e-book,” explains differences in pagination and supports transparent scholarship.

If you want, share one Kindle title page screenshot or the “About this book” details, and I can format the exact MLA 9 Works Cited entry using your author name rules.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I cite a Kindle book in MLA 9 if there are no page numbers?

In MLA 9, you can cite a Kindle book even if the e book does not display stable page numbers. In your in text citation, use the author’s last name, and if you need a locator, use a chapter, section, or other numbered division, for example, (Nguyen, ch. 3). If the Kindle app shows “page” numbers that match the print edition, you may cite those pages, but only if they are consistent and you can verify them. In the Works Cited entry, list the author, title in italics, publisher, year, then the e book format, for example, “Kindle edition.” If you used a specific platform or device, you can mention it in the entry when it helps readers locate the text. For more guidance on in text citations and containers, see the MLA Style Center, https://style.mla.org/ and Purdue OWL, https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_style_guide/mla_works_cited_electronic_sources.html.

What should I put in the Works Cited for an Amazon Kindle e book, Kindle edition or Amazon?

Most MLA 9 Works Cited entries focus on the book’s core publication details, not the store where you bought it. Start with Author. Title of Book. Publisher, Year. Then add the version or format, such as Kindle edition. Include a URL only if it helps the reader retrieve the exact text, but avoid long, purchase specific links that may break or require a login. A practical scenario is citing a novel you bought on Amazon but read in the Kindle app. You generally do not list Amazon as the publisher unless Amazon is actually the publisher shown in the book’s publication details. Instead, use the publisher listed on the title page or in the Kindle “About this book” metadata. If you are unsure what counts as the publisher or version, consult the MLA Style Center’s guidance on core elements and versions, https://style.mla.org/ and the MLA Handbook principles overview, https://style.mla.org/works-cited-a-quick-guide-book/.

How do I cite a quote from a Kindle book in MLA when my friend’s Kindle shows different locations?

Kindle “location” numbers can vary by device settings, font size, and edition, so they are not always reliable for readers. If you and your friend see different locations, prioritize stable divisions like chapter numbers, part numbers, or section headings, for example, (Morrison, ch. 5). If the book provides page numbers that correspond to a print edition, you can cite those pages, but confirm they are consistent across devices by checking the “Go to” page display or the print page reference. A practical approach for a research paper is to cite author and chapter in the parenthetical citation, then include enough context in the signal phrase so readers can find the passage. For more on MLA in text citations and alternatives to page numbers, see https://style.mla.org/in-text-citations/ and Purdue OWL’s MLA in text citation section, https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_style_guide/mla_in_text_citations_the_basics.html.

How do I cite a Kindle book if it has an editor, translator, or an introduction I used?

If you used material written by someone other than the main author, such as an introduction by an editor or a foreword by a scholar, cite the part you actually used. In text, name the author of the part, for example, (Smith xii) if the introduction has page numbers, or (Smith, “Introduction”) if it does not. In the Works Cited, you can either cite the whole book and mention the contributor, or cite the specific part as an entry for a work in a collection. A practical scenario is quoting a translator’s note in a Kindle edition of a classic. You would list the note’s author first, then the note title if given, then “Title of Book,” followed by the original author, translator, publisher, year, and Kindle edition. For models of citing introductions and translated works, see the MLA Style Center, https://style.mla.org/, and Purdue OWL’s MLA Works Cited guidance, https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_style_guide/mla_works_cited_page_basic_format.html.

How do I cite a Kindle book I accessed through Kindle Unlimited or Prime Reading in MLA 9?

Kindle Unlimited and Prime Reading affect access, but they usually do not change how you cite the book. Your Works Cited entry should still reflect the book’s bibliographic facts, author, title, publisher, year, and the version, such as Kindle edition. You typically do not need to mention the subscription service unless it is important to explain how you accessed the text, or if the platform functions like a database with a stable container name. A practical scenario is a student who read a self published book through Kindle Unlimited and cannot find a clear publisher. Use the publisher listed in the Kindle metadata, and if none is provided, omit it and include what you can, such as the year and the version. If the book has a DOI or stable public URL, you may include it, but avoid paywalled Amazon links. For more on MLA core elements and missing information, see https://style.mla.org/works-cited-a-quick-guide-book/.

How do I cite highlights or notes I exported from Kindle, and do I cite the book or the export?

If your highlights and notes are simply your own excerpts from the book, you usually cite the book as the source of the quoted text. In your paper, quote the passage, then use an in text citation for the book, such as (Author, ch. 7). Only cite the exported file itself if you are analyzing your annotations as a separate document, for example, studying your reading process or comparing note sets. In that case, you can cite the export as a digital file with a description, such as “Kindle notes and highlights,” and include the date you exported it, plus a location like your device or cloud storage if relevant. A practical scenario is using Kindle highlights to gather quotations for an essay. Cite each quotation to the book, and keep the export as your personal research record. For MLA guidance on citing digital files and works you created, see the MLA Style Center, https://style.mla.org/ and the MLA Works Cited quick guide, https://style.mla.org/works-cited-a-quick-guide-book/.

Last Updated: 2026-01-01
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